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Subject-didactic inspirations from North American textbooks.
PEŠTA, Jakub
This thesis focuses on the analysis of foreign textbooks for the first stage of primary schools. Its primary objective is to explore the possibilities of improving teaching methods of mathematics applied at the first stage of primary schools in the Czech Republic by incorporating exercises inspired by North American textbooks. The first part of the thesis reviews the content and structure of the selected textbooks and then compares them with the Czech ones. The second one conducts didactic analyses of selected exercises with the emphasis on the topic of fractions to seek opportunities for integration of educational content. The third part contains a prepared set of learning units inspired by North American exercises which have been implemented in classroom settings and accompanied by pupil reflections. The reflection encompasses unconventional solutions offered by the pupils for some exercises as well as an analysis of the questionnaire results.
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Word tasks on fractions and percentages
ADAMCOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the topic of mathematics, namely word problems with fractions and percentages. It acquaints the reader with the basic properties of fractions and percentages and with the different types of word problems in which fractions and percentages appear. For most verbal tasks, their solution procedure is supplemented by verbal commentary and some of them by graphical representation of the solution. First, of all, the work shows a close, relations between fractions and percentages. This bachelor´s thesis can be used as study material.
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Transfer between mathematics and music in teaching mathematics
Kovačová, Petra ; Zamboj, Michal (advisor) ; Beran, Filip (referee)
Transfer between Mathematics and Music in Teaching Mathematics ABSTRACT The thesis targets the concept of learning transfer between mathematics and music and its usage in teaching mathematics in primary school. The aim of this thesis is to create interdisciplinary tasks for initiation of the learning transfer between mathematics and music, through an educational experiment identify whether the transfer occurs while solving them and determine its conditions. Another aim is to define the role of a teacher in this process. It focuses on the transfer between the area of grids, symmetry and melodies created by two tones. Moreover, it aims at fractions and creating tones by shortening a string. Educational areas Mathematics and its application and Music are described according to the Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education alongside with the possibilities of their connecting through interdisciplinary relations, cross-sectional and integrated learning. The concept of learning transfer and its kinds is elaborated in the final chapter of the theoretical part. Mathematical and musical terms used in tasks of the second part of the thesis are explained there too. Within the practical part there were tasks for initiating and testing transfer created. They were used in the educational experiment in the 9th...
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Developing activity and creativity in teaching fractions in grades 6 to 7
Svobodová, Lenka ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
TITLE: Developing activity and creativity in teaching fractions in grades 6 to 7 AUTHOR: Bc. Lenka Svobodová DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Marie Tichá, CSc. ABSTRACT: The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part looks at the cognitive process of pupils and possible ways of their motivation during fractions teaching. Furthermore, it outlines causes of lack of understanding of fractions and re-education interventions. The empirical part is based on a qualitative research whose main objective was to determine how the pupils are able to solve fractions exercises independently and creatively and what mistakes they make. Various methods of data collection were used, such as interview with teachers on issues of fractions teaching in elementary schools, non- standardised test with fractions exercises and additional interview with the tested pupils. This part also describes the preparation of the research, the research itself and its results KEYWORDS: fractions, interpretations, representations, models, misunderstandings, mistakes, teaching approaches
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Fractions - Some Difficulties of Pupils and Teaching Approaches of Teachers
Vejmelková, Eliška ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
(anglicky) Fractions are one of the critical areas of mathematics at the primary school. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe didactic practices used when teaching fractions (focusing in particular on additive operations with fractions) and find out what strategies are used by pupils at selected tasks focusing on fractions, what difficulties are an obstacle in their successful solutions and what images of fractions the pupils have. The theoretical part contains considerations about the teaching and learning of mathematics, the overview of the historical development of the concept of fraction and operations with fractions and also selected research related to fractions. The practical part begins with the analysis of the textbooks where their semantic and structural models used for fractions are identified as well as ways of teaching operations with fractions. My own research consists of semi-structured interviews with five experienced teachers (one of whom is not qualified) on the topic of teaching fractions, the difficulties of pupils with fractions and of clinical interviews with three pupils from different primary schools. Interviews with the pupils were focused on the solution of the diagnostic tasks in the field of fractions. Transcripts of both interviews were analyzed by techniques...
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Reeducation of mechanical knowledge in mathematics during private supplementary tutoring
Novotná, Gabriela ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The diploma thesis is aimed at reeducation of mechanical knowledge in the area of fractions. Since every student has different needs and pace in his/her process of gaining knowledge, the reeducation is set into their private supplementary tutoring lessons. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts (how is the private supplementary tutoring understood in this thesis, which students are taken into consideration, and what is mechanical knowledge) are explained based on Czech and foreign literary sources, subsequently, the constructivist way of teaching, which is suitable for the reeducation of mechanical knowledge, is described. The second part of this thesis is constituted by the practical implementation of the theoretical findings into three case studies. Three students were diagnosed with mechanical knowledge in the area of fractions. Subsequently, their knowledge was being reeducated during their private supplementary tutoring lessons. The process of reeducation of each student is described in detail, moreover, a kind of manual describing what should not be avoided when dealing with this topic is included. KEY WORDS mechanical knowledge, reeducation, private supplementary tutoring, fractions 5
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Understanding of 6th grade students in fractions in mathematical word problems
Macounová, Veronika ; Chvál, Martin (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The thesis processes data from the research of the company H-edu, which developed a course to help students understand the issue of fractions in the difficult times of Covid-19. Using a large number of materials, an interactive environment, videos and professional guidance, the company helped those interested in understanding the basic principles for perceiving and counting fractions. The thesis compares the results before entering the course and after its completion, which presents the details associated with the course and allows for an evaluation of the course design. The data also helps to identify where students make the most mistakes. Furthermore the thesis contains information on how to identify more demanding tasks or why students might need more time during calculations. At the same time, it explains the importance of gradation of tasks associated with higher success of respondents. The thesis also deals with the structure of questions that affect the representation of incorrect answers. For the most frequently recorded incorrect answers the thesis explains its cause and the procedure by which the respondents came to the wrong result. Recurring errors highlight the need for thorough explanation and practice of the substance. Moreover, the thesis contains a detailed analysis of the...
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Reeducation of mechanical knowledge in mathematics during private supplementary tutoring
Novotná, Gabriela
The diploma thesis is aimed at reeducation of mechanical knowledge in the area of fractions. Since every student has different needs and pace in his/her process of gaining knowledge, the reeducation is set into their private supplementary tutoring lessons. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts (how is the private supplementary tutoring understood in this thesis, which students are taken into consideration, and what is mechanical knowledge) are explained based on Czech and foreign literary sources, subsequently, the constructivist way of teaching, which is suitable for the reeducation of mechanical knowledge, is described. The second part of this thesis is constituted by the practical implementation of the theoretical findings into three case studies. Three students were diagnosed with mechanical knowledge in the area of fractions. Subsequently, their knowledge was being reeducated during their private supplementary tutoring lessons. The process of reeducation of each student is described in detail, moreover, a kind of manual describing what should not be avoided when dealing with this topic is included.
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Comparison of education programs of the Czech Republic, Moldova and Russia
STRATULAT, Elena
The aim of this thesis is to compare mathematical themes in standard study programs for primary education in three different countries. Such research will provide information on the educational programs in the Czech Republic, the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation. Another aim of the thesis is to compare the second-level textbooks of the primary schools of the studied countries on a certain topic of the educational area Mathematics and its Applications.
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Attitudes towards teaching mathematics focusing on fractions
Moulisová, Martina ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Slezáková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with the attitude towards teaching mathematics focusing on teaching fractions. The first part pays attention to the attitudes towrsd teaching and specifies two different styles, classical and constructivism. In case of constructivism, I also pay attention to the term genetic constructivism in connection to Hejný's methodology. After that I present teaching methodology and roles of teacher. The other part of this piece of work engages in fractions especially in children pre- concepts and developing activities which lead to understanding fractions. This piece of work answers the question on how to cope with pre-concept knowledge and in which way it should be developed. I present different kinds of models of fractions and how to work with them in practical part of this thesis. The aim of the practical part is to map the attitudes towards teaching fractions and work with pre-concepts of beginning teachers which is made by interviewing 4 teachers and observing their lessons. Those interviews are analyzed in practical part and the answers of respondents are compared to each other as well as to my expected answers. The reflection of observing the lesson is full of activities which may lead to understanding fractions. At the end I summarize the results of the analysis of...
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